cannaiq/backend/src/services/analytics/PriceAnalyticsService.ts

/**
 * PriceAnalyticsService
 *
 * Analytics for price trends, volatility, and comparisons.
 *
 * Data Sources:
 *   - store_products: Current prices and price change timestamps
 *   - store_product_snapshots: Historical price data points
 *   - states: Rec/med legal status for segmentation
 *
 * Key Metrics:
 *   - Price trends over time per product
 *   - Price by category and state
 *   - Price volatility (frequency and magnitude of changes)
 *   - Rec vs Med pricing comparisons
 */

import { Pool } from 'pg';
import {
  TimeWindow,
  DateRange,
  getDateRangeFromWindow,
  PriceTrendResult,
  PriceDataPoint,
  CategoryPriceStats,
  PriceVolatilityResult,
} from './types';

export class PriceAnalyticsService {
  constructor(private pool: Pool) {}

  /**
   * Get price trends for a specific store product over time
   */
  async getPriceTrendsForStoreProduct(
    storeProductId: number,
    options: { window?: TimeWindow; customRange?: DateRange } = {}
  ): Promise<PriceTrendResult | null> {
    const { window = '30d', customRange } = options;
    const { start, end } = getDateRangeFromWindow(window, customRange);

    // Get product info
    const productResult = await this.pool.query(`
      SELECT
        sp.id,
        sp.name,
        sp.brand_name,
        sp.category,
        sp.dispensary_id,
        sp.price_rec,
        sp.price_med,
        d.name AS dispensary_name,
        s.code AS state_code
      FROM store_products sp
      JOIN dispensaries d ON d.id = sp.dispensary_id
      LEFT JOIN states s ON s.id = sp.state_id
      WHERE sp.id = $1
    `, [storeProductId]);

    if (productResult.rows.length === 0) {
      return null;
    }

    const product = productResult.rows[0];

    // Get historical snapshots
    const snapshotsResult = await this.pool.query(`
      SELECT
        DATE(captured_at) AS date,
        AVG(price_rec) AS price_rec,
        AVG(price_med) AS price_med,
        AVG(price_rec_special) AS price_rec_special,
        AVG(price_med_special) AS price_med_special,
        BOOL_OR(is_on_special) AS is_on_special
      FROM store_product_snapshots
      WHERE store_product_id = $1
        AND captured_at >= $2
        AND captured_at <= $3
      GROUP BY DATE(captured_at)
      ORDER BY date ASC
    `, [storeProductId, start, end]);

    const dataPoints: PriceDataPoint[] = snapshotsResult.rows.map((row: any) => ({
      date: row.date.toISOString().split('T')[0],
      price_rec: row.price_rec ? parseFloat(row.price_rec) : null,
      price_med: row.price_med ? parseFloat(row.price_med) : null,
      price_rec_special: row.price_rec_special ? parseFloat(row.price_rec_special) : null,
      price_med_special: row.price_med_special ? parseFloat(row.price_med_special) : null,
      is_on_special: row.is_on_special || false,
    }));

    // Calculate summary statistics
    const prices = dataPoints
      .map(dp => dp.price_rec)
      .filter((p): p is number => p !== null);

    const summary = {
      current_price: product.price_rec ? parseFloat(product.price_rec) : null,
      min_price: prices.length > 0 ? Math.min(...prices) : null,
      max_price: prices.length > 0 ? Math.max(...prices) : null,
      avg_price: prices.length > 0 ? prices.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / prices.length : null,
      price_change_count: this.countPriceChanges(prices),
      volatility_percent: this.calculateVolatility(prices),
    };

    return {
      store_product_id: storeProductId,
      product_name: product.name,
      brand_name: product.brand_name,
      category: product.category,
      dispensary_id: product.dispensary_id,
      dispensary_name: product.dispensary_name,
      state_code: product.state_code || 'XX',
      data_points: dataPoints,
      summary,
    };
  }

  /**
   * Get price statistics by category and state
   */
  async getCategoryPriceByState(
    category: string,
    options: { stateCode?: string } = {}
  ): Promise<CategoryPriceStats[]> {
    const params: any[] = [category];
    let stateFilter = '';

    if (options.stateCode) {
      stateFilter = 'AND s.code = $2';
      params.push(options.stateCode);
    }

    const result = await this.pool.query(`
      SELECT
        sp.category,
        s.code AS state_code,
        s.name AS state_name,
        CASE
          WHEN s.recreational_legal = TRUE THEN 'recreational'
          ELSE 'medical_only'
        END AS legal_type,
        AVG(sp.price_rec) AS avg_price,
        PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY sp.price_rec) AS median_price,
        MIN(sp.price_rec) AS min_price,
        MAX(sp.price_rec) AS max_price,
        COUNT(*) AS product_count,
        COUNT(DISTINCT sp.dispensary_id) AS dispensary_count
      FROM store_products sp
      JOIN dispensaries d ON d.id = sp.dispensary_id
      JOIN states s ON s.id = sp.state_id
      WHERE sp.category = $1
        AND sp.price_rec IS NOT NULL
        AND sp.is_in_stock = TRUE
        AND (s.recreational_legal = TRUE OR s.medical_legal = TRUE)
        ${stateFilter}
      GROUP BY sp.category, s.code, s.name, s.recreational_legal
      ORDER BY state_code
    `, params);

    return result.rows.map((row: any) => ({
      category: row.category,
      state_code: row.state_code,
      state_name: row.state_name,
      legal_type: row.legal_type,
      avg_price: parseFloat(row.avg_price),
      median_price: parseFloat(row.median_price),
      min_price: parseFloat(row.min_price),
      max_price: parseFloat(row.max_price),
      product_count: parseInt(row.product_count),
      dispensary_count: parseInt(row.dispensary_count),
    }));
  }

  /**
   * Get price statistics by brand and state
   */
  async getBrandPriceByState(
    brandName: string,
    options: { stateCode?: string } = {}
  ): Promise<CategoryPriceStats[]> {
    const params: any[] = [brandName];
    let stateFilter = '';

    if (options.stateCode) {
      stateFilter = 'AND s.code = $2';
      params.push(options.stateCode);
    }

    const result = await this.pool.query(`
      SELECT
        sp.brand_name AS category,
        s.code AS state_code,
        s.name AS state_name,
        CASE
          WHEN s.recreational_legal = TRUE THEN 'recreational'
          ELSE 'medical_only'
        END AS legal_type,
        AVG(sp.price_rec) AS avg_price,
        PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY sp.price_rec) AS median_price,
        MIN(sp.price_rec) AS min_price,
        MAX(sp.price_rec) AS max_price,
        COUNT(*) AS product_count,
        COUNT(DISTINCT sp.dispensary_id) AS dispensary_count
      FROM store_products sp
      JOIN dispensaries d ON d.id = sp.dispensary_id
      JOIN states s ON s.id = sp.state_id
      WHERE sp.brand_name = $1
        AND sp.price_rec IS NOT NULL
        AND sp.is_in_stock = TRUE
        AND (s.recreational_legal = TRUE OR s.medical_legal = TRUE)
        ${stateFilter}
      GROUP BY sp.brand_name, s.code, s.name, s.recreational_legal
      ORDER BY state_code
    `, params);

    return result.rows.map((row: any) => ({
      category: row.category,
      state_code: row.state_code,
      state_name: row.state_name,
      legal_type: row.legal_type,
      avg_price: parseFloat(row.avg_price),
      median_price: parseFloat(row.median_price),
      min_price: parseFloat(row.min_price),
      max_price: parseFloat(row.max_price),
      product_count: parseInt(row.product_count),
      dispensary_count: parseInt(row.dispensary_count),
    }));
  }

  /**
   * Get most volatile products (frequent price changes)
   */
  async getMostVolatileProducts(
    options: {
      window?: TimeWindow;
      customRange?: DateRange;
      limit?: number;
      stateCode?: string;
      category?: string;
    } = {}
  ): Promise<PriceVolatilityResult[]> {
    const { window = '30d', customRange, limit = 50, stateCode, category } = options;
    const { start, end } = getDateRangeFromWindow(window, customRange);

    const params: any[] = [start, end, limit];
    let paramIdx = 4;
    let filters = '';

    if (stateCode) {
      filters += ` AND s.code = $${paramIdx}`;
      params.push(stateCode);
      paramIdx++;
    }

    if (category) {
      filters += ` AND sp.category = $${paramIdx}`;
      params.push(category);
      paramIdx++;
    }

    const result = await this.pool.query(`
      WITH price_changes AS (
        SELECT
          sps.store_product_id,
          sps.price_rec,
          LAG(sps.price_rec) OVER (
            PARTITION BY sps.store_product_id ORDER BY sps.captured_at
          ) AS prev_price,
          sps.captured_at
        FROM store_product_snapshots sps
        WHERE sps.captured_at >= $1
          AND sps.captured_at <= $2
          AND sps.price_rec IS NOT NULL
      ),
      volatility AS (
        SELECT
          store_product_id,
          COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE price_rec != prev_price) AS change_count,
          AVG(ABS((price_rec - prev_price) / NULLIF(prev_price, 0) * 100))
            FILTER (WHERE prev_price IS NOT NULL AND prev_price != 0) AS avg_change_pct,
          MAX(ABS((price_rec - prev_price) / NULLIF(prev_price, 0) * 100))
            FILTER (WHERE prev_price IS NOT NULL AND prev_price != 0) AS max_change_pct,
          MAX(captured_at) FILTER (WHERE price_rec != prev_price) AS last_change_at
        FROM price_changes
        GROUP BY store_product_id
        HAVING COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE price_rec != prev_price) > 0
      )
      SELECT
        v.store_product_id,
        sp.name AS product_name,
        sp.brand_name,
        v.change_count,
        v.avg_change_pct,
        v.max_change_pct,
        v.last_change_at
      FROM volatility v
      JOIN store_products sp ON sp.id = v.store_product_id
      LEFT JOIN states s ON s.id = sp.state_id
      WHERE 1=1 ${filters}
      ORDER BY v.change_count DESC, v.avg_change_pct DESC
      LIMIT $3
    `, params);

    return result.rows.map((row: any) => ({
      store_product_id: row.store_product_id,
      product_name: row.product_name,
      brand_name: row.brand_name,
      change_count: parseInt(row.change_count),
      avg_change_percent: row.avg_change_pct ? parseFloat(row.avg_change_pct) : 0,
      max_change_percent: row.max_change_pct ? parseFloat(row.max_change_pct) : 0,
      last_change_at: row.last_change_at ? row.last_change_at.toISOString() : null,
    }));
  }

  /**
   * Get average prices by category (rec vs med states)
   */
  async getCategoryRecVsMedPrices(category?: string): Promise<{
    category: string;
    rec_avg: number | null;
    rec_median: number | null;
    med_avg: number | null;
    med_median: number | null;
  }[]> {
    const params: any[] = [];
    let categoryFilter = '';

    if (category) {
      categoryFilter = 'WHERE sp.category = $1';
      params.push(category);
    }

    const result = await this.pool.query(`
      SELECT
        sp.category,
        AVG(sp.price_rec) FILTER (WHERE s.recreational_legal = TRUE) AS rec_avg,
        PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY sp.price_rec)
          FILTER (WHERE s.recreational_legal = TRUE) AS rec_median,
        AVG(sp.price_rec) FILTER (
          WHERE s.medical_legal = TRUE AND (s.recreational_legal = FALSE OR s.recreational_legal IS NULL)
        ) AS med_avg,
        PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY sp.price_rec)
          FILTER (WHERE s.medical_legal = TRUE AND (s.recreational_legal = FALSE OR s.recreational_legal IS NULL)) AS med_median
      FROM store_products sp
      JOIN states s ON s.id = sp.state_id
      ${categoryFilter}
      ${category ? 'AND' : 'WHERE'} sp.price_rec IS NOT NULL
        AND sp.is_in_stock = TRUE
        AND sp.category IS NOT NULL
      GROUP BY sp.category
      ORDER BY sp.category
    `, params);

    return result.rows.map((row: any) => ({
      category: row.category,
      rec_avg: row.rec_avg ? parseFloat(row.rec_avg) : null,
      rec_median: row.rec_median ? parseFloat(row.rec_median) : null,
      med_avg: row.med_avg ? parseFloat(row.med_avg) : null,
      med_median: row.med_median ? parseFloat(row.med_median) : null,
    }));
  }

  // ============================================================
  // HELPER METHODS
  // ============================================================

  private countPriceChanges(prices: number[]): number {
    let changes = 0;
    for (let i = 1; i < prices.length; i++) {
      if (prices[i] !== prices[i - 1]) {
        changes++;
      }
    }
    return changes;
  }

  private calculateVolatility(prices: number[]): number | null {
    if (prices.length < 2) return null;

    const mean = prices.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / prices.length;
    if (mean === 0) return null;

    const variance = prices.reduce((sum, p) => sum + Math.pow(p - mean, 2), 0) / prices.length;
    const stdDev = Math.sqrt(variance);

    // Coefficient of variation as percentage
    return (stdDev / mean) * 100;
  }
}

export default PriceAnalyticsService;